How to Stock your Biblical Studies Toolbox (guest post by David Stark)

David Stark is a professor at Faulkner University and a fellow graduate from Southeastern Seminary in Wake Forest, NC. Indeed, we began the doctoral program together, and a number of us early on, myself included, considered David the cream of the crop of new PhD students! His career has lived up to expectations, as he has published his dissertation with the prestigious T&T Clark, along with articles in multiple journals, including Bulletin for Biblical Research. He also has an entire blog devoted to making the study of Scripture much easier (see the link to "Work Better in Biblical Studies," to the right). I am honored to have him publish a guest post on the Paroikos Bible Blog.

[update 3/5/21--here's a link to Dr. Stark's discussion of two more "tools": backup systems and password managers. Click here. Also, here is a link to sign up for Dr. Stark's helpful "toolbox" updates]

Plumbers, electricians, and carpenters all have specific tools they use for their trades. As they hone their skill in those trades, a good part of that development means improving their skill at using the tools of their trade.

If you had a plumber who ended up being able to use his or her tools only as well as a weekend “do-it-yourselfer,” you’d probably find someone else next time. (I’ve seen this recently. It wasn’t pretty.)

A Problem with Biblical Studies

The same dynamic plays out in academic biblical studies. But academic biblical studies has a huge disadvantage to “blue collar work” like plumbing.

That’s because biblical studies is a kind of “knowledge work.” As such it shares a deficiency with other kinds of “knowledge work” in precisely an area that “blue collar work” recognizes as important—how good you are with the tools of your trade.

Biblical studies pays attention to some of these tools, things like biblical languages, historical criticism, or effective writing. But it often wholly overlooks more fundamental tools and skills that make it possible to develop expertise in these areas.

If you’re turning a wrench on a pipe and your mind wanders, your subconscious will probably keep your hand turning. But if Facebook beckons for your attention while you’re studying Greek vocabulary or writing a journal article, your attention’s going to go down the drain.—And once it’s gone, even the best plumber can’t help you get it back out of there.

Why You Need a Toolbox

This illustration shows up two reasons you, as a knowledge worker in biblical studies, need some specific tools:

1)    Tools allow you to do things you otherwise can’t. That might be joining pipes or cutting wire. Or it might be tracking dozens of secondary sources for a major research project so that you can recall what’s in each.

2)    Tools allow you to not do things you otherwise would. Sure, you can try to pound a screw with a hammer. But the work is a lot easier to use a screwdriver. It’s still easier if you predrill the hole. Similarly, you could try to manage all of your obligations in your head and not drop any of the plates you’re supposed to be spinning. But it’s a lot easier if you put all of that somewhere that will surface the information you need when you need it and let you forget about the rest to focus on something else.

And just like plumbers, electricians, and carpenters, a good part of honing your craft in biblical studies depends on developing skill with the tools of your trade.

How to Stock Your Toolbox

Exactly what are these tools for biblical studies? The specifics will vary from one person to another. They also have various forms (e.g., paper versus electronic). Or they might take the form of a process (e.g., going to a specific location).

Precisely which variety of a specific tool you have is less important than having and getting the most out of what works for you—just like having a drill is vastly more important to making a hole than whether the drill says “Ryobi” or “Kobalt” on the side.

In that light, I’d suggest there are 8 basic types tools you need in your toolbox as a knowledge worker in biblical studies.

1. Attention Management

In biblical studies, if you don’t have control over your attention, nothing else gets done. Everyone’s attention is prone to wander, and you need a tool to help you put your attention where it needs to be.

2. List Management

There’s a lot of “stuff” that comes at you. That might be a paper to write, a language to learn, groceries to get, or meetings to prepare for. Long term, trying to keep all of that in your head will cause more stress and lead to poorer outcomes than if you have a tool to put the stuff into to help you keep track of it all.

3. Calendar

You schedule meetings with others. But you can take that up a notch by scheduling meetings with yourself when you’ll put your attention on and plug away at a specific project. Keeping a calendar can also help you with long-term planning as well as seeing things like how accepting that meeting means you won’t make it to your kids’ soccer practice.

4. Biblical Studies Resources

You need biblical texts, monographs, commentaries, journal articles, etc. Tools in this area that are maybe the most obvious.

5. Bibliography Management

What was that book you read that had that argument about that phrase you’ve now started pouring over? Research is great. Re-searching …repeatedly … again and again?—Not so much.

6. Notes

You might have notes from a meeting. You might have notes on reading a journal article. Unless you want to continually reread the article or ask another attendee about some point of the meeting you can’t quite remember, you need a tool to keep notes for yourself.

7. Word Processing

You need some way of putting your work into words. You can do it orally in theory. But most often in biblical studies, putting your work into words requires writing that produces an electronic file.

8. Communication

And once you have your work written up, how are you going to get it to others? Again, you could read the paper to them. But you also really need to be able to communicate the written text of your work, as well as to interact with others over any number of other questions, academic and otherwise.

Conclusion

From the tools I’ve described above, you’ll notice not everything is strictly “academic.” Being at your kids’ soccer practice isn’t going to be a graded assignment in your course syllabus. And it’s not going to show up on tenure review.

But being a biblical scholar is a particular way of being human. As such, honing your craft in biblical studies means improving how you handle your whole life. And that’s not to mention that you’ll be more productive in better ways if you’re not also preoccupied with the costs of under investing in key relationships or other aspects of your life.

Embracing all of that well into a single whole is a process, not a state. But there are tools that can help like those that I’ve mentioned above.

What works best for you may be different from what works best for me or, indeed, from what will work best for you in a year or two’s time.

Still, it can be helpful to not have to start picking out tools from scratch. So, if you want to have a look inside my toolbox, just let me know.

I’ll be more than happy to send you a free downloadable of the main things it contains, as well as a further bonus category that isn’t a core tool but definitely proves helpful.

Why our seminary students now have to read From Topic to Thesis by Michael Kibbe.

The other day, while reading a Bibliotheca Sacra article from over 100 years ago, I was struck by the thought that it seemed so much more polished than the scholarly material of today. My mind also reasoned (correctly or incorrectly, I don't know) was that perhaps since proportionally more people publish today than over 100 years ago, the overall literary quality of the writers is significantly diminished. The N. T. Wright's and John Piper's of the world (i.e., the top biblical writers) become a much smaller percentage compared to the "average" published author, even the average peer-reviewed author. We may be tempted to suggest that, on the other hand, the capability to research may be improved, and to the degree that technology and textual discoveries enables us to access and analyze material, yes (A. T. Robertson did not, after all, have access to Logos software or the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae). However, 100 years ago the "average" published author was quoting Calvin in Latin (not English) as a matter of course, while B. F. Westcott was collating ancient manuscripts by hand, without any electronic helps! They did more with what they had, in other words.

The internet, of course, only compounds the problem (the lower literary quality of writers), by removing peer-review. Now everybody with an opinion automatically assumes they're worth being published just because, you know, they have an opinion! [and don't get me started on Twitter :) ] Consequently, schools today have their work cut out for them. Since more people are writing (and that's not a bad necessarily a bad thing, mind you), graduate schools especially need to be more rigorous in developing the talents of their students.

This year a professor named Michael Kibbe published From Topic to Thesis: A Guide to Theological Research (click here for the Amazon link). Kibbe is a professor at Moody in Spokane, Washington, and fairly new to the field of scholarship (his revised dissertation was just published by the very prestigious De Gruyter. His book fills a very important niche for seminary students in three ways:

1. First, the book is a step-by-step guide to the process of theological research, with very specific instructions. For example, one very helpful portion of the book discusses the difference between "Primary," "Secondary," and "Tertiary" sources, and where in the research process each comes into play. Elsewhere, he discusses the note-taking process, how to interact with sources, and how to narrow your topic into a solid thesis. While I don't always agree with him (actually, page 66 on taking notes is probably the only place I disagree with him significantly), this is an excellent and very specific treatment of the research process, from assignment to crafting an argument. Note also that Kibbe has some very helpful appendices (including one devoted to the bibliographical software Zotero).

Caveat: the book does not cover writing per se (for that, I would suggest Joseph Williams, Style: Writing with Clarity and Grace (required in my doctoral studies), nor does Kibbe really discuss how to proofread, etc. This is mostly about research, developing a thesis, and interacting with sources, not how to actually write.

2. Secondly, this book is written specifically for theology students by a Biblical scholar who clearly sees theological research as a spiritual activity, not a neutral endeavor: "The one thing theological research cannot be is a purely academic exercise or one limited to certain spheres of my existence and kept away from others" (p. 30). Indeed, the introduction is very well-written and well-thought out in regards to why theological research needs to be done properly and with the right attitude.

3. Finally, and this will sound a bit odd, but I believe this book benefits from having been written by a younger, less well-known scholar. In other words, if this book had been written by D. A. Carson or Larry Hurtado or another well-established scholar, quite possibly it would have been too far removed from the average seminary student to be as helpful, not to mention uber-intimidating, to boot. Granted, Kibbe is probably smarter than most of us, anyways, but he's still closer to the average seminary student than a 20-year veteran of academia. And that, I believe, is a good thing.

So I highly recommend this book for graduate students, with the caveat that you need some other resource to help you with the technical aspects of writing itself.

Preparing to teach NT Biblical Theology: Resources and Decisions

In the early stages of my doctoral studies, I had the privilege of taking "Biblical Theology" with Dr. Andreas J. Kostenberger at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary. My first of two papers for that class (on a Petrine theology of prophecy), with the encouragement of Dr. Kostenberger, was submitted for publication and eventually ended up in the Bulletin for Biblical Research, vol. 21.2 (2011). Consequently, I am very passionate about the subject, and now, for the first time, I have the opportunity to teach the entire class at the seminary level here in Menomonee Falls, WI.

The first question is, obviously, "What is biblical theology"? It is not, contra the name, "theology that is biblical as opposed to unbiblical." In fact, it is very possible to conduct "biblical theology" that is in antithesis to the Christian faith. On the other hand, biblical theology is most definitely not "systematic theology." While I am still working on my own definition for the class, I would strongly view the former as allowing the text to give us theological categories rather than starting with theological categories and seeing what the text has to say about them. In other words, systematic theology says "I wonder what the Bible has to say about angels," having already made up its mind which topic to investigate. Conversely, biblical theology says, "I wonder what theological topics are important to Jude and how does he develop them?" The difference is significant. Both are essential, (systematics is necessary to see how all the pieces fit together and show what relevance they have to everyday belief), but biblical theology must precede systematics if we wish to avoid a sort-of "conservative rationalism" that places our opinion of what topics are important over the text's opinion of what topics are important. 

A plethora of resources on biblical theology exist. Indeed, simply settling on a textbook is causing me grief! (In a pleasant sort of way; much like a child "grieves" over having to choose between two competing flavors of ice cream). Option one will be Frank Thielman's Theology of the New Testament, which from what I understand conducts biblical theology the way I want it done (not that I'm the authority on "how it should be done!"). Once it arrives in the mail, I shall proceed to analyze it. The second option will be to have the students purchase (but only read part of) the New Dictionary of Biblical Theology (IVP Academic), and then supplement their reading with a book of their choice from one of the many excellent series out there, e.g., New Studies in Biblical Theology (IVP), New American Commentary Studies in Bible and Theology (B&H Academic), Biblical Theology of the New Testament (Zondervan), etc.

For the required paper, I am planning on allowing two approaches: 1. focusing on how a particular theme is developed in a particular book or author (e.g., Atonement in Hebrews; Kingdom in Matthew; etc.) or, 2. Tracing a major theme throughout the entire New Testament, either from a canonical or historical perspective (e.g., tracing the theme of the Parousia in the NT); the latter, of course, requires enough knowledge of the NT to know what themes are most important to the majority of the NT and will require 
acknowledging tension when necessary (key point: tension does not mean contradiction; there's a difference).

Finally, there's a series of articles that I intend to have them read. Foundational to understanding the entire discipline are, I believe, the articles by D. A. Carson ("Current Issues in Biblical Theology: A New Testament Perspective,"  BBR 5.1, 1995) and Andreas J. Kostenberger ("The Present and the Future of Biblical Theology," Themelios 37.3, 2012). These both provide an excellent overview of the state of the field of study today.

I'll also force them to read my own article in BBR on Petrine theology (just because very few people write on Petrine theology, a noticeable exception being Larry R. Helyer's excellent The Life and Witness of Peter). After that, there's a few articles I've taken a fancy to that I consider to be good examples of biblical theology: Torrey Seland, "Resident Aliens in Mission: Missional Practices in the Emerging Church of 1 Peter" (BBR 19.4, 2009); Josh Chatraw, two articles in JETS (vol. 54.3, September 2011; and vol. 55.2, June 2012), the first of which refutes Bart Ehrman on "contradictory theologies" when comparing the Synoptics, and the second of which provides a needed balance to N. T. Wright's corporate view of repentance in Luke. In addition, I liked what I saw in Robert L. Plummer's "Imitation of Paul and the Church's Missionary Role in 1 Corinthians," JETS 54.3 (Spetember 2011), so they'll probably read that as well.

Finally, I'm thinking of having my students read a brand-new article in a top-tier journal: Jack Levison, "A Theology of the Spirit in the Letter to the Hebrews," Catholic Biblical Quarterly 78 (2016).
In this fascinating article, Levison attempts to correct the assumption a la H. B. Swete, Barnabas Lindars, et al, that there is no "theology of the Spirit" in Hebrews. Although I do not agree with everything Levison writes (mostly the first half--I think he's over-reacting to areas where Hebrews diverges from the LXX, and also his approach to the warning passages), I'm nevertheless thinking of having my students read this article because Levison provides an excellent example of how to correct a dearth of scholarship on a biblical-theological theme. His five concluding points are well-thought out (and I would only really quibble with how he develops the first one): in Hebrews, 1. "The Holy Spirit is the interpreter of Scripture," 2. "In the push for perseverance in this letter, the Holy Spirit plays a central role," 3. "The Holy Spirit is essential to the process of salvation," 4. "The theology of the Spirit communicates the currency of salvation," and 5. "This theology of the Spirit communicates the currency of salvation."

So that's the plan for "biblical theology" at Baptist Theological Seminary! There's a ton of resources out there, but I would advise the reader interested in dipping his or her toe into the ocean of biblical theology to start with Carson's and Kostenberger's articles, both of which are available for free online.

Resources for studying and teaching Hebrew History (plus, a list of every single relevant JETS article)

This semester, my first semester at Baptist College of Ministry (Menomonee Falls, WI), I have the privilege of teaching Hebrew History, Elements of Hebrew Grammar, and English Composition and Rhetoric (the basic research class), along with a directed study with a seminary student on the Epistle to the Hebrews. For Hebrew History, I have taken to studying the topic with a vengeance, so much so that about a week ago I woke up in the middle of the night having been dreaming of the Assyrians! (It was not, need I mention, a pleasant dream?) Although Old Testament is certainly not my specialty, I have had a fantastic time compiling resources and lecturing and interacting with my class of 33. I figured this would be an excellent time to share with you, dear reader, what are some of the best texts to examine for Hebrew History (from Abraham to A.D. 70). In addition, I have compiled a list of every single relevant article from the Journal of the Evangelical Society (I did not use any search engines for this; I basically examined every single issue and typed out any relevant article).

Key Ancient Sources

Naturally, the Old Testament itself is your main text. If you can get ahold of the annals of the Assyrian or Babylonian Kings, these will occasionally be relevant. Naturally, for the 1^st century, Josephus takes pride of place since he personally saw the Jewish War unfold and was intimately familiar with Jewish life and customs of that time. First and Second Maccabees (the latter is not a continuation of the former; they both tell the same story in a different way) remains essential for understanding the era after the division of Alexander the Great’s empire.  The Dead Sea Scrolls and various apocryphal books (e.g., Wisdom of Solomon), as well as Philo, can give you a window into Jewish thought (especially Alexandrian Jewish thought) of the first century and the years preceding it. By the way, as a guide to studying Jewish Second Temple Literature, may I recommend the fantastic book by Larry Helyer, Exploring Jewish literature of the Second Temple Period (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 2002).

Old Testament Theology

May I just mention here that Bruce Waltke and Charles Yu, An Old Testament Theology: An Exegetical, Canonical, and Thematic Approach. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2007, retains pride of place as one of the best Old Testament books I own? Seriously, folks, this book provides some fantastic theological insights into Israel’s history from a solid evangelical perspective.

Textbooks, histories, introductions, etc.

First off, our textbook, Eugene Merrill’s Kingdom of Priests: A History of Old Testament Israel (2^nd ed; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2008), an excellent work by a solid evangelical scholar. One caveat: it only goes up to the return from exile.

For a very handy quick reference, I have benefited greatly from John Sailhamer’s Old Testament History (Zondervan Quick Reference Library; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1998).  

We also have F. F. Bruce’s Israel and the Nations: The History of Israel from the Exodus to the Fall of the Second Temple (revised by David F. Payne; Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 1997) as well as the very helpful Holman Bible Atlas: A Complete Guide to the Expansive Geography of Biblical History, both of which go up through New Testament times (I’m requiring the Holman Bible Atlas in addition to Merrill’s book for my students).

Let me also recommend Ian Provan; V. Philips Long; and Tremper Longman III’s A Biblical History of Israel (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox, 2003) and K. A. Kitchen’s On the Reliability of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, Mich. Eerdmans, 2003). Meanwhile, if you need an Old Testament Intro, pride of place in my library goes to Eugene H. Merrill, Mark F. Rooker, and Michael Grisanti’s The World and the Word: An Introduction to the Old Testament (Nashville, Tenn.: B&H Academic, 2011). I’m slightly biased, since I got to grade for Dr. Rooker for one semester (while Dr. Robinson was on sabbatical) and enjoyed interacting with him.

Key Journals

For students of Hebrew History, here are some key journals to look out for (besides the obvious general journals like JBL, JETS, BBR, Tyndale Bulletin, etc.)

Biblical Archaeological Review

Jewish Bible Quarterly

Journal for the Evangelical Study of the Old Testament (brand new!)

Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

Journal of Semitic Studies

and

Old Testament Essays

Relevant JETS Articles

As a service to my students, since our library currently does not have EBSCO, I went through and listed every single article in the Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society that dealt with Hebrew history (these are available for free up until 2011 from www.etsjets.org) Here they are (please let me know if I missed any!) I did not use any search engine; I did this the “old fashioned” way.

(you should be able to search within this blog post for any particular articles that would be helpful for your research).

Akers, Matthew. "What's in a Name? An Examination of the Usage of the Term

'Hebrew' in the Old Testament." JETS 55 (December 2012).

Aling, Charles F. "The Biblical City of Ramses." JETS 25 (June 1982).

Aling, Charles F. "The Sphinx Stele of Thutmose IV and the Date of the Exodus." JETS 22 (June

1979).

Allen, Ronald Barclay. "Elijah the Broken Prophet." JETS 22 (September 1979).

Amaya, Ismael E. "The Bible and God's Revelation in History." JETS 14 (June

1971).

Archer, Gleason L. "AN Eighteenth Dynasty Ramses." JETS 17 (March 1974).

Arnold, Bill T. "The Amalekite's Report of Saul's Death: Political Intrigue or

Incompatible Sources?" JETS 32 (September 1989)

Arnold, Clint E. "Sceva, Solomon, and Shamanism: The Jewish Roots of the

Problem at Colossae." JETS 55 (March 2012).

Battenfield, James R. "A Consideration of the Identity of the Pharaoh of Genesis

47." JETS 15 (June 1972).

Beale, G. K. "The Use of Hosea 11:1 in Matthew 2:15: One More Time." JETS 55

(December 2012).

Beck, John A. "Why Do Joshua's Readers Keep Crossing the River? The

Narrative-Geographical Shaping of Joshua 3-4." JETS 48 (December 2005).

Beitzel, Barry J. "Herod the Great: Another Snapshot of His Treachery?" JETS 57

(June 2014).

Billington, Clyde E. "Goliath and the Exodus Giants: How Tall Were They?" JETS

50 (September 2007).

Block, Daniel I. "Israel's House: Reflections on the Use of BYT YSR'L in the Old

Testament in the Light of Its Ancient Near Eastern Environment." JETS 28

(1985).

Block, Daniel I. "'You Shall Not Covet Your Neighbor's Wife:' A Study in

Deuteronomic Domestic Ideology." JETS 53 (September 2010).

Block, Daniel I. "Will the Real Gideon Please Stand Up? Narrative Style and

Intention in Judges 6-9." JETS 40 (September 1997).

Block, Daniel I. "'What Do These stones Mean?' The Riddle of Deuteronomy 27."

JETS 56 (March 2013).

Block, Daniel I. "Recovering the Voice of Moses: The Genesis of Deuteronomy."

JETS 44 (September 2001).

Bruno, Christopher R. "'Jesus Is Our Jubilee' . . . But How? The OT Background

and Lukan Fulfillment of the Ethics of Jubilees." JETS 53 (March 2010).

Bullock, C. Hassell. "Ezekiel, Bridge Between the Testaments." JETS 25 (March

1982).

Chase, Mitchell L. "The Genesis of Resurrection Hope: Exploring Its Early

Presence and Deep Roots." JETS 57 (September 2014).

Chávalas, Mark W. "The Historian, the Believer, and the OT: A Study in the

Supposed Conflict of Faith and Reason." JETS 36 (June 1993).

Chávalas, Mark W. "Recent Trends in the Study of Israelite History." JETS 38

(June 1995).

Cheung, Alex T. M. "The Priest as the Redeemed Man: A Biblical-Theological

Study of the Priesthood." JETS 29 (September 1986).

Christensen, Duane L., and Marcel Narucki. "The Mosaic Authorship of the

Pentateuch." JETS 32 (December 1989).

Chisholm, Robert B., Jr. "The Chronology of the Book of Judges: A Linguistic

Clue to Solving a Pesky Problem." JETS 52 (June 2009).

Chisholm, Robert B., Jr. "In Defense of Paneling as a Clue to the Chronology of

Judges: A Critique of Andrew Steinmann's Reply." JETS 53 (June 2010).

Chisholm, Robert. "When Prophecy Appears to Fail, Check Your Hermeneutic"

JETS 53 (September 2010).

Collins, John J. "Prophecy and Fulfillment in the Qumran Scrolls." JETS 30

(September 1987).

Culver, Robert D. "The Old Testament as Messianic Prophecy." BETS 7 (Summer

1964).

Curtis, Edward M. "Structure, Style and Context as a Key to Interpreting Jacob's

Encounter at Peniel." JETS 30 (June 1987).

Curtis, Edward M. "The Theological Basis for the Prohibition of Images in the Old

Testament." JETS 28 (September 1985).

Dalman, Rodger. "Egypt and Early Israel's Cultural Setting: A Quest for Evidential

Possibilities." JETS 51 (September 2008).

Davids, Peter H. "What Glasses Are You Wearing? Reading Hebrew Narratives

through Second Temple Lenses." JETS 55 (December 2012).

Day, Adam Warner. "Eating Before the Lord: A Theology of Food According to

Deuteronomy." JETS 57 (March 2014).

Dean, David Andrew. "Covenant, Conditionality, and Consequence: New

Terminology and a Case Study in the Abrahamic Covenant." JETS 57 (June

2014).

DeRouchie, Jason S. "The Blessing-Commission, the Promised Offspring, and the

Toledot Structure of Genesis." JETS 56 (June 2013).

Dillard, Raymond. "The Reign of Asa (2 Chronicles 14-16): An Example of the

Chronicler's Theological Method." JETS 23 (September 1980).

Donaldson, Terry L. "Levitical Messianology in Late Judaism: Origins,

Development and Decline." JETS 24 (September 1981).

Dumbrell, William J. "The Content and Significance of the Books of Samuel:

Their Place and Purpose within the Former Prophets." JETS 33 (March

1990).

Dumbrell, William J. "The Purpose of the Books of Chronicles." JETS 27

(September 1984).

Dyck, Elmer. "Jonah Among the Prophets: A Study in Canonical Context." JETS

33 (March 1990).

Emmrich, Martin. "The Case against Moses Reopened." JETS 46 (March 2003).

Emmrich, Martin. "The Symbolism of the Lion and the Bees; Another Ironic Twist

in the Samson Cycle." JETS 44 (March 2001).

Enns, Peter. "William Henry Green and the Authorship of the Pentateuch: Some

Historical Considerations." JETS 45 (September 2002).

Ferguson, Paul. "Nebuchadnezzar, Gilgamesh, and the "Babylonian Job.'" JETS 37

(September 1994).

Freeman, Hobart E. "The Problem of the Efficacy of Old Testament Sacrifices."

BETS 5 (Summer 1962).

Ferris, Paul Wayne, Jr. "The Manna Narrative of Exodus 16:1-10." JETS 18

(September 1975).

Graves, Michael. "The Public Reading of Scripture in Early Judaism." JETS 50

(September 2007).

Greene, Joseph R. "The Spirit in the Temple: Bridging the Gap Between Old

Testament Absence and New Testament Assumption." JETS 55 (December

2012).

Grisanti, Michael A. "Recent Archaeological Discoveries that Lend Credence to

the Historicity of the Scriptures." JETS 56 (2013).

Goswell, Greg. "The Order of the Books in the Hebrew Bible." JETS 51

(December 2008).

Goswell, Greg. "The Temple Theme in the Book of Daniel." JETS 55 (September

2012).

Groningen, G. Van. "Interpretation of Genesis." JETS 13 (December 1970).

Groningen, G. Van. "Joshua-II Kings: Deuteronomistic? Priestly? Or Prophetic

Writing?" JETS 12 (March 1969).

Harbin, Michael A. "Jubilee and Social Justice." JETS 54 (December 2011).

Harris, Laird. "Chronicles and the Canon in New Testament Times." JETS 33

(March 1990).

Harris, R. Laird. "Continuity in the Old Testament Historical Literature." JETS 14

(September 1971).

Harris, R. Laird. "Factors Promoting the Formation of the Old Testament Canon."

BETS 10 (Winter 1967).

Hauser, Alan J. "Unity and Diversity in Early Israel before Samuel." JETS 22

(December 1979).

Hawkins, Ralph K. "The Date of the Exodus-Conquest Is Still an Open Question:

A Response to Rodger Young and Bryant Wood." JETS 51 (June 2008).

Hawkins, Ralph K. "Propositions for Evangelical Acceptance of a Late-Date

Exodus-Conquest: Biblical Data and the Royal Scarabs from Mt. Ebal." JETS 50 (March 2007).

Hays, J. Daniel. "Reconsidering the Height of Goliath." JETS 48 (December 2005).

Hays, J. Daniel. "The Height of Goliath: A Response to Clyde Billington." JETS

50 (September 2007).

Heck, Joel D. "Issachar: Slave or Freeman? (Gen 49:14-15)." JETS 29 (December

1986).

Hellerman, Joseph. "Purity and Nationalism in  Second Temple Literature: 1-2

Maccabees and Jubilees." JETS 46 (September 2003).

Hilber, John W. "Theology of Worship in Exodus 24." JETS 39 (June 1996).

Hildebrand, David R. "A Summary of Findings in Support of an Early Date for the

So-Called Priestly Materials of the Pentateuch." JETS 29 (June 1986).

Hill, Andrew E. "A Jonadab Connection in the Absalom Conspiracy?" JETS 30

(December 1987).

Hill, Andrew E. "The Ebal Ceremony as Hebrew Land Grant?" JETS 31

(December 1988).

Hill, Andrew E., and Gary A. Herion. "Functional Jehovah-ism and Social Control

in the Early Israelite Monarch." JETS 29 (September 1986).

Hill, Joseph A. "The Bible and Non-Inspired Sources." BETS 3 (Fall 1960).

Hoffmeier, James K. "What Is the Biblical Date for the Exodus? A Response to

Bryant Wood." JETS 50 (2007).

Hoffner, Harry A. "Ancient Views of Prophecy and Fulfillment: Mesopotamia and

Asia Minor." JETS 30 (September 1987).

Horton, Stanley M. "Critical Note: A Suggestion Concerning the Chronology of

Solomon's Reign." BETS 4 (October 1961).

House, Paul. "Investing in the Ruins: Jeremiah and Theological Vocation." JETS

56 (March 2013).

Howard, David M., Jr. "Sodom and Gomorrah Revisited." JETS 27 (December

1984).

Howard, David M., Jr. "'Three Days' in Joshua 1-3: Resolving a Chronological

Conundrum." JETS  41 (December 1998).

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